Official Blog

Google Driverless Car

By Author – Rashmita Soge

Introduction to Car:

The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:

• It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles.
• It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit.
• It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition.
• It can take its passengers anywhere it wants to go safely, legally, and comfortably.

What is Google Driverless Car?

A driverless car (sometimes called a self-driving car, an automated car or an autonomous vehicle) is a robotic vehicle that is designed to travel between destinations without a human operator. To qualify as fully autonomous, a vehicle must be able to navigate without human intervention to a predetermined destination over roads that have not been adapted for its use.

Components

Integrates Google Maps with various hardware sensors and artificial intelligence software

Google Maps:-

• Provides the car with road information

Hardware Sensors:-

• Provides the car with real-time environment conditions

Artificial Intelligence:-

• Provides the car with real-time decisions

Brief History of the car -?

The origins of automated cars go back to the 1920s. The technology significantly advanced in the 1950s, but it wasn’t until the 1980s with the introduction of computers that truly autonomous vehicles began to become a possibility. Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Bosch, Nissan, Renault, Toyota, the University of Parma, Oxford University and Google have all developed prototype vehicles since then.

Google’s self-driving car project was formerly led by Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun’s team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prizes from the United States Department of Defense.The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.

Heres how Googles cars work

• The driver sets a destination. The cars software calculates a route and starts the car on its way.
• A rotating, roof-mounted LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging – a technology similar to radar) sensor monitors a 60-meter range around the car and creates a dynamic 3-D map of the cars current environment.
• A sensor on the left rear wheel monitors sideways movement to detect the cars position relative to the 3-D map.
• Radar systems in the front and rear bumpers calculate distances to obstacles.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) software in the car is connected to all the sensors and has input from Google Street View and video cameras inside the car.
• The AI simulates human perceptual and decision-making processes and controls actions in driver-control systems such as steering and brakes.
• The cars software consults Google Maps for advance notice of things like landmarks and traffic signs and lights.
• An override function is available to allow a human to take control of the vehicle.

Proponents of systems based on driverless cars say they would eliminate accidents caused by driver error, which is currently the cause of almost all traffic accidents. Furthermore, the greater precision of an automatic system could improve traffic flow, dramatically increase highway capacity and reduce or eliminate traffic jams. Finally, the systems would allow commuters to do other things while traveling, such as working, reading or sleeping.

Technology:

The Waymo project team has equipped a number of different types of cars with the self-driving equipment, including the Toyota Prius, Audi TT, Fiat Chrysler Pacifica and Lexus RX450h.Google has also developed their own custom vehicle, which is assembled by Roush Enterprises and uses equipment from Bosch, ZF Lenksysteme, LG, and Continental.

As of June 2014, the system works with a very high definition inch-precision map of the area the vehicle is expected to use, including how high the traffic lights are; in addition to onboard systems, some computation is performed on remote computer farms.

In May 2016, Google and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced an order of 100 Pacifica hybrid minivans to test the technology on.

Google’s robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment including a $70,000 LIDAR system.The rangefinder mounted on the top is a Velodyne 64-beam laser. This laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D map of its environment. The car then takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.

In 2017, announced a partnership with Intel to develop autonomous driving technology together and develop better processing.

Advantages:

• Without the need for a driver, cars could become mini-leisure rooms. There would be more space and no need for everyone to face forwards. Entertainment technology, such as video screens, could be used to lighten long journeys without the concern of distracting the driver.
• Over 80% of car crashes in the USA are caused by driver error. There would be no bad drivers and fewer mistakes on the roads if all vehicles became driverless. Drunk and drugged drivers would also be a thing of the past.
• Travelers would be able to journey overnight and sleep for the duration.
• Traffic could be coordinated more easily in urban areas to prevent long tailbacks at busy times. Commute times could be reduced drastically.
• Reduced or non-existent fatigue from driving, plus arguments over directions and navigation would be a thing of the past.
• Sensory technology could potentially perceive the environment better than human senses, seeing farther ahead, better in poor visibility, detecting smaller and more subtle obstacles, more reasons for fewer traffic accidents.
• Speed limits could be increased to reflect the safer driving, shortening journey times.
• Parking the vehicle and difficult maneuvering would be less stressful and require no special skills. The car could even just drop you off and then go and park itself.
• People who historically have difficulties with driving, such as disabled people and older citizens, as well as the very young, would be able to experience the freedom of car travel. There would be no need for drivers’ licenses or driving tests.
• Autonomous vehicles could bring about a massive reduction in insurance premiums for car owners.
• Efficient travel also means fuel savings, cutting costs.
• Reduced need for safety gaps means that road capacities for vehicles would be significantly increased.
• Passengers should experience a smoother riding experience.
• Self-aware cars would lead to a reduction in car theft.

Future of Car:

• No drivers’ licenses will be needed. Since people of all ages and abilities can use these vehicles, no specific driver certifications are needed. “People do not need a license to sit on a train or bus,” said Dr. Azim Eskandarian, director of the Center For Intelligent Systems Research. ” … So there will not be any special requirements for drivers or occupants to use the vehicle as a form of transportation.”

• Car-sharing programs will become more mainstream. They will take you to your destination and then be ready for another occupant. “Since cars today are parked for more than 90 percent of their lifetime, shred car services will promote more continuous movement, garner more efficient operation and use less gas,” said Dr. Alberto Broggi, IEEE senior member.

• Infrastructure won’t be prohibitive. Existing roads can already handle the advent of autonomous vehicles. No major overhaul is needed. Broggi directed a project in 2010 that led two driverless cars to complete an 8,000-mile trip between Italy and Shanghai.

• Say farewell to red lights and stop signs. Once cars are driverless, intersections will be equipped with sensors, cameras, and radar that controls traffic flow. That will not only end collisions but promote a fuel-efficient flow of traffic.

• High-Occupancy Vehicle lanes might be replaced by Driverless Car lanes, which would not only promote autonomous travel but help driverless cars travel both more safely and faster, reaching speeds of perhaps 100 mph by 2040.

Bluejacking

By Author – Rishabh Sontakke

What is Bluejacking?
Bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetooth to Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or laptop computers, etc. Bluetooth has a very limited range; usually around 10 meters on mobile phones, but laptops can reach up to 100 meters with powerful transmitters.
Origin of Bluejacking-
This bluejack phenomenon started after a Malaysian IT consultant named Ajack posted a comment on a mobile phone forum. Ajack told IT Web that he used his Ericsson cellphone in a bank to send a message to someone with a Nokia 7650. Ajack did a Bluetooth discovery to see if there was another Bluetooth device around. Discovering a Nokia 7650 in the vicinity, he created a new contact and filled in the first name with Buy Ericsson! and sent a business card to the Nokia phone.
How to Bluejack:
Assuming that you now have a Bluetooth phone in your hands, the first thing to do is to make sure that Bluetooth is enabled. You will need to read the handbook of the particular phone (or PDA etc) that you have but somewhere in the Menu item, you will find the item that enables and disabled Bluetooth.Your phone or PDA will start to search the airwaves for other devices within range. If you are lucky you will see a list of them appear, or it will say that it cannot find any. If the latter happens then relocate to another crowd or wait a while and try again. If you have a list of found devices then let the fun begin.

The various steps involved –?in mobile –

1. First press the 5-way joystick down.
2. Then choose options.
3. Then choose “New contact”.
4. Then in the first line choose your desired message.
5. Then press done.
6. Then go to the contact.
7. Then press options.
8. Then scroll down to send.
9. Then choose “Via Bluetooth”Then press “Select”.
10. Then the phone will be searching for enabled Devices

The various steps involved -?in computer/laptop –

1. Go to contacts in your Address Book program (e.g. Outlook).
2. Create a new contact.
3. Enter the message into one of the name fields.
4. Save the new contact.
5. Go to the address book.
6. Right-click on the message/contact.
7. Go to action.
8. Go to Send to Bluetooth.
9. Click on other.
10. Select a device from the list and double-click on it.

Software Tools:

• Bluespam: BlueSpam searches for all discoverable Bluetooth devices and sends a file to them (spams them) if they support OBEX.
• Meeting point: Meeting point is the perfect tools to search for Bluetooth devices. Combine it with any bluejacking tools and have lots of fun. This software is compatible with Pocket PC, Windows.
• Freejack: Freejack is compatible with java phone like Nokia N-series.
• Easyjacking (eJack): Allows sending of text Messages to other Bluetooth enables devices.

Usage of Bluejacking:
Bluejacking can be used in many fields and for various purposes like in the busy shopping center, train station, high street,cinema,caf/restaurant/pub, etc. The main use of bluejacking tools or bluejacking is in advertising purpose and location-based purpose. Experimental results show that the system provides a viable solution for realizing permission-based mobile advertising.

Now, remember that Bluetooth works only for short range of distances, so you need to find the crowd. Bluejacking is very new so not everyone will have a Bluetooth phone or PDA(Personal digital assistant) so the bigger crowd the more likely you will find a victim on the train, in the cafe or standing in line are all good places to start
Bluejackers often look for the receiving phone toping or the user to react. In order to carry out bluejacking, the sending and receiving devices must be within10 meters of one another.
Code of Ethics-

• Bluejackers will only send messages/pictures. They will never try to hack a device for the purpose of copying or modifying any files on any device or upload any executable files.
• Any such messages or pictures sent will not be of an insulting, libelous or vulgar in nature and will be copyright free or copyrighted by the sender.
• If no interest is shown by the recipient after 2 messages the bluejacker will desist and move on.
• The bluejacker will restrict their activity to 10 messages maximum unless in exceptional circumstances
• If the Bluejacker senses that he/she is causing distress rather than mirth to the recipient they will immediately decrease all activity towards them.
• If a bluejacker is caught in the act he/she will be as co-operative as possible and not hide any details of their activity.

Related Concepts:

1. BlueSnarfing: Bluesnarfing is the term associated with downloading any and all information from a hacked device. Bluesnarfing is the theft of information from a wireless device through a Bluetooth connection, often between phones, desktops, laptops, and PDAs. This allows access to a calendar, contact list, emails and text messages. Bluesnarfing is much more serious in relation to Bluejacking.

1. Bluebugging: Bluebugging is a form of Bluetooth attack. In the progression of discovery date, Bluetooth attack started with bluejacking, then bluesnarfing, and then bluebugging. Bluebug program allows the user to take control of a victims phone to call the users phone. This means that the Bluebug user can simply listen to any conversation his victim is having in real life.

How to Prevent Being Bluejacked-
To prevent being Bluejacked, disable Bluetooth on the mobile device when not in use. The device will not show up on a Bluejackers phone when he/she attempts to send a message and they do not queue up.
Good Practices for Bluetooth enabled devices Whether someone is unwilling to partake in Bluejacking or just does not want to be bothered with these messages, the following are some good practices to consider:

• Do not reveal an identity when either sending or receiving Bluejacked messages.
• Never threaten anyone.
• Never send messages that can be considered abusive.
• Never reveal personal information in response to a Bluejacked message.
• Disable Blue Tooth option if not in use in order to prevent Bluejacked messages.
• If a Bluejacking message is received, delete the message voice accepting it or it will be added to the devices address book.

Warning:
Never try to hack a device for the purpose of copying or modifying any files on any device or upload any executable files. By hacking a device you are committing an offense under the computer misuse act 1990, which states it is an offense to obtain unauthorized access to any computer.
Conclusion:
Bluejacking is a technique by which we can interact with new people and has the ability to revolutionerisemarket by sending advertisement about the product, enterprise etc. on the Bluetooth configured the mobile phone so that the people get aware about them by seeing them on the phone.

Enterprise Resource Planning

By Author – Prankul Sinha

Introduction:

• ERP is usually referred to as a category of business-management software that an organization can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from these many business activities.
• ERP provides a continuously updated view of core business processes using common databases maintained by a database management system. ERP systems track business resources?cash, raw materials, production capacity?and the status of business commitments: orders, purchase orders, and payroll. The applications that make up the system share data across various departments (manufacturing, purchasing, sales, accounting, etc.) that provide the data.
• This system combines with various organization system which provides error-free transactions and production. It runs on a variety of computer hardware and network configurations, typically using a database as an information source.

Implementation:
Generally, three types of services are available to help implement such changes are consulting, customization, and support. Implementation time depends on business size, customization, the scope of process changes. Modular ERP systems can be implemented in stages. The typical project for a large enterprise takes about 14 months and requires around 150 consultants. Small projects can require months; multinational and other large implementations can take years. Customization can substantially increase implementation times.

Besides that, information processing influences various business functions e.g. some large corporations like Wal-Mart use a just in time inventory system. This reduces inventory storage and increases delivery efficiency, and requires up-to-date data. Before 2014, Walmart used a system called Inforem developed by IBM to manage replenishment.

Process preparation:

Implementing ERP typically requires changes in existing business processes. Poor understanding of needed process changes prior to starting implementation is the main reason for project failure. The difficulties could be related to the system, business process, infrastructure, training, or lack of motivation.

It is therefore crucial that organizations thoroughly analyze business processes before they implement ERP software. Analysis can identify opportunities for process modernization. It also enables an assessment of the alignment of current processes with those provided by the ERP system. Research indicates that risk of business process mismatch is decreased by:

• Linking current processes to the organization’s strategy
• Analyzing the effectiveness of each process.
• Understanding existing automated solutions.

Customization:
ERP systems are theoretically based on industry best practices, and their makers intend that organizations deploy them as is. ERP vendors do offer customers configuration options that let organizations incorporate their own business rules, but gaps in features often remain even after configuration is complete. ERP customers have several options to reconcile feature gaps, each with their own pros/cons. Technical solutions include rewriting part of the delivered software, writing a homegrown module to work within the ERP system, or interfacing to an external system.

Advantages:
The most fundamental advantage of ERP is that the integration of myriad business processes saves time and expense. Management can make decisions faster and with fewer errors. Data becomes visible across the organization. Tasks that benefit from this integration include:

Sales forecasting, which allows inventory optimization.

• Chronological history of every transaction through relevant data compilation in every area of operation.
• Order tracking, from acceptance through fulfillment
• Revenue tracking, from invoice through cash receipt
• Matching purchase orders (what was ordered), inventory receipts (what arrived), and costing

Disadvantages:

Customization can be problematic. Compared to the best-of-breed approach, ERP can be seen as meeting an organizations lowest common denominator needs, forcing the organization to find workarounds to meet unique demands.

• Re-engineering business processes to fit the ERP system may damage competitiveness or divert focus from other critical activities.
• ERP can cost more than less integrated or less comprehensive solutions.
• High ERP switching costs can increase the ERP vendor’s negotiating power, which can increase support, maintenance, and upgrade expenses.
• Overcoming resistance to sharing sensitive information between departments can divert management attention.
• Integration of truly independent businesses can create unnecessary dependencies.
• Extensive training requirements take resources from daily operations.
• Harmonization of ERP systems can be a mammoth task and requires a lot of time, planning, and money.

Digital India: A Planning towards future or Enforcement of Technology

A lot has been done till date by the government of India with the Digital India plan, the idea behind this plan was definitely to just improve ourselves as to digital world and to adopt the changes as the world is changing so not to lack behind. It is mentioned in the website of digital India, that Digital India has a vision transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. But my main concern is after the two years of the program being launched I dont see much of the people which is other than the young generation is not at all ready to run parallel to the rest India.

Digital India to them is like thrusting a piece of cake to their neck, it is good, it is healthy and even delicious but still not adaptive to the ones who dont want to eat. This is felt by most of the people in this country.

The main problem is that nobody knows what to do, how to do, and after some struggle if feels uncomfortable to them to do. The initiatives on infrastructure, services, and empowerment are really appreciable yet not reachable by most of the audience. What is needed is the consultation, which is also provided but not in the well-guided manner, which eventually makes out of no fruit.

The plans under digital India, Startup India, and Skill India also impacting great but still the thrust of hammer not enough to bend the metal, means a lot of promotion and consultation is needed to do reach out to people, ideas are endless by people for rural development and strong infrastructure and economic growth proper monitoring is needed, as a tree needed the most care when was a plant.

Digital India plan is definitely a boon for all individuals if they can utilize the opportunity, a complete description of approach and methodology for digital India program which looks very active words when you see in website but what is been acted, very little as per my knowledge.

Well, I am not here to just talk about everything that is dark going on in this world, many things goes positive and actually has changed after the Digital India plan. Plans which actually made an impact to the governance under the digital india are can be mentions as

• High-speed connectivity and high-speed internet at most remote and inaccessible areas to grow the communication and connect India to the world and newer ideas. Its a National Rural Internet Mission.
• E-Governance?Improving governance using technology. This is to improve the government to citizen interface for various service deliveries.
• E-Kranti ?Deliver services electronically and thus in a faster and time-bound manner. This is helpful in education, healthcare, planning, security, financial inclusion, justice, farmers, etc.
• Information for all –This will bring in transparency and accountability by easy and open access to documents and information to the citizens.
• Electronics manufacturing ?This will encourage manufacturing of electronics in India and reduce electronics import and help in job creation too. This will help in achieving goals of Make in India initiative also.
• Cyber Security ? Government giving now focus on the security part of the data that usually leaks and the data can be used in important hands
• IT for jobs ?Skill India mission under the Digital India mission helping students to learn the practical and industrial level experience to enhance their performance.

After seeing all this points I think I have increased your dilemma that Digital India plan/campaign is really doing any good or was and is doing great. Well my point in this is that we are doing good, but changes always happen when you do great and with a great pace, I am much of concerned about over very slow growing and learning speed. We need to implement everything fast but at the same time made it convenient for people to use else it wont to anyone till we act on it strongly and boldly on it.

C James Yen said beautifully once that, Technical know-how of the experts must be transformed into practical do-how of the people.

ARCTIC APPLE

By Author – Ashish Kasture

Now have a bite with more ease and says An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Why did the apple float over the surface of the water? Did you know?
Apples have 25% of antioxidant i.e oxygen, when undergoes oxidation apples start getting brown which is called browning. But our biotech giants came up with the apples which are non-browning apples.
Arctic Apple is the first genetically engineered apple to be approved for commercial sale. These apples are a group of trademarked apples that contain a non-browning trait, when the apples are subjected to mechanical damage, such as slicing or bruising, the apple flesh remains as its original color. This is the creation possible by Biotechnology and genetic engineering.
They were developed through a process of genetic engineering by Okanagan Specialty Fruits. Specifically, gene silencing reduces the expression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), thus preventing the fruit from browning.
Developing non-browning Arctic apples relies on a technique called RNA-interference (RNAi). This approach enables silencing of PPO expression to less than 10% of its normal expression but does not change other aspects of the apple. The RNAi process is accomplished through the use of a transgene that uses gene sequences that control PPO production. Promoter and terminator gene sequences are used to support the implementation of PPO suppression genes, as is a marker gene which produces a protein called NPTII that makes the plant tissue resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin, allowing transformed plants to metabolize neomycin and kanamycin antibiotics. This step is used to confirm that silencing PPO was successful.These non-browning apples are delicious, convenient and good for us. Discover apple varieties, uncover some of your favorite apple recipes, and learn more about the benefits of non-browning apples. Non-browning apples are more appealing and convenient, so more apples get eaten and fewer are wasted. Arctic apples are tasty, healthy grab and go snacks you’re sure to reach for, time and time again. Arctic apples arent slow browning. They aren’t low browning. They’re non-browning! By silencing the enzyme that causes apples to brown when bitten, sliced or bruised popular apple varieties like Golden Delicious and Granny Smith can be enhanced with the Arctic Advantage.
Okanagan Specialty Fruits, the grower-led team behind non-browning Arctic apples, was founded in 1996 by apple orchardist Neal Carter. Neal saw that apple consumption had been declining for decades while obesity rates skyrocketed, and he knew there must be a way to help get more people eating more apples.
There’s no question that consumers are demanding more convenience than ever, especially from our food. Whats the special about these apples? The browning of course! It may surprise you to learn that apples are among the most wasted foods on the planet around 40% of whats grown is thrown out. So many delicious apples get wasted only because of browning.
Non-browning apples don’t just reduce waste, they can also boost consumption. For instance, apple slices are a great grab-and-go snack, but they must either be eaten quickly or treated with something to slow their browning, which can add time, costs and an unpleasant off-taste. Snacking now makes up about 50% of eating occasions in the U.S., so making apples more convenient and snackable really is a no-brainer. With Arctic apples, you and your family can enjoy apples with convenience and taste to back up their good looks ? meaning healthy, delicious apple snacking is easier than ever.
Browning in apples is of two types? primary (or, enzymatic) browning and secondary browning. Secondary browning generally refers to the discoloration that occurs when an apple is beginning to decompose due to fungi and bacteria; in other words, when the fruit is rotting.
Primary browning in apples, on the other hand, takes place when the fruits phenolic compounds react with oxygen. This oxidation process is driven by an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase (PPO). When apple cells are ruptured ? for example, by bruising, biting or cutting, the browning reaction begins when PPO found in one part of the cell is able to react with phenolic compounds found elsewhere in the cell.Just as different plants have varying levels of PPO, there is a wide range of PPO levels among the 5,000+ apple varieties in existence. Some existing apple varieties turn brown more slowly than others, which can be due to a number of factors:
The various varieties of apples may have high levels of certain acids, such as malic and citric acids, which impedes the PPO/phenolic reaction. It may be low in the phenolic substrate so the reaction just doesn’t happen as intensively. It may have stronger cell walls, which reduces the mixing of PPO and phenolics. It may have naturally low levels of PPO. But, even slow or low browning apples do experience enzymatic browning; Arctic apples do not because there is insufficient enzyme to drive the oxidation reaction. The main motive is to provide the people with great ease to have an apple of their choice and can eat even if they’re busy because these apples are not going to brown that is called non-browning apples.

GEAR DE-BURRING MACHINE

Gear deburring is a process that has changed substantially over the past 10 years. There have been advancements in the types of tools used for deburring operations and the development of “wet” machines, automatic load and unload, automatic part transfer and turnover, and vision systems for part identification, etc.

Three types of tools are used in the gear deburring process, including grinding wheels, brushes, and carbide tools. A discussion of each method is as follows.

Grinding Wheels
There are many wheel grits available, from 320 grit for small burrs and light chamfers, to 57 grit for large burrs and heavy chamfers, with numerous grit sizes in between. Grinding wheels will usually provide the required cosmetic appearance for a deburred gear. Setting up the grinding wheel is critical for good wheel life and consistent chamfers. The point of contact for the grinding wheel should be equal to the approach angle of the grinding head. For example, set a 45 approach angle for the grinding head with a protractor. Next, draw a line through the center of the grinding wheel followed by a line drawn 45 to the first line. The contact point between the gear and the grinding wheel should be at the 45 line.

The size of the chamfer attainable is determined by the size of the burr to be removed from the part. Further, three additional factors that affect chamfer size are wheel grit size, the speed of the work spindle, and the amount of pressure applied to the part by the grinding wheel. Grinding wheel speed is noted on the grinding wheel, and it is usually 15,000 to 18,000 RPM. The grinding wheels used most often are aluminum oxide.

Brushes
Parts with small burrs can be effectively deburred with a brush. Two types of brushes are used for deburring operations, those being wire and nylon. Wire brushes are made with straight, crimped, or knotted bristles. The wire diameter and length will determine how aggressively the brush will deburr. Nylon brushes can be impregnated with either aluminum oxide or silicon carbide, with grit size ranging from 80 to 400. The specific application will determine which type of brush is required. In applications where a heavy burr is to be removed with a grinding wheel or carbide tool, a brush is often used as a secondary process for removing small burrs created by the first process.
Carbide Tools
The use of carbide deburring tools is a relatively new development. There are three advantages to using carbide tools:
? Reduced deburring time. The carbide tools can run at 40,000 RPM, vs. 15,000 to 18,000 RPM for grinding wheels.

? Reduced setup time, because there is no need to establish an approach angle as with a grinding wheel.

? Ability to deburr cluster gears, or gears having the root of the tooth close to the gear shaft or hub.
Deburring Machine Features
The deburring process is accomplished with floating-style deburring heads having variable RPM air motors or turbines. The floating heads have air-operated, adjustable counterweights for adjusting the pressure applied to the part being deburred.
The floating heads can use grinding wheels, brushes, or carbide tools, and change-over from one to the other can be accomplished in a matter of minutes, providing versatility for doing a number of different parts on one machine.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Quick action clamping.
2. Precise indexing.
3. Multi-module indexer makes all range of spur gear de-burring possible
4. Fast action de-burring due to the sequential operation of the grinding head and indexer mechanism
5. Low-cost automation.
6. The flexibility of circuit design / can be converted into the fully automatic mode with minimal circuit components.
7. Low-cost automation process
8. Saves labor cost and monotony of operation.

APPLICATIONS:
1. Machine tool manufacturing industry.
2. Agriculture machinery manufacturing.
3. Molded gear industry.
4. Timer pulley manufacturing.
5. Sprocket and chain wheel manufacturing ..etc.