4G Technology

Introduction:

ž4G stands for the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards.

žIt is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards.

žFourth generation mobile communications systems that are characterized by high-speed data rates at 20 to 100 Mbps

Objectives of 4G Technology:

• ž4G is being developed to accommodate the QoS
• žMobile broadband access
• žMMS
• žVideo chat
• žMobile TV like HDTV
• žDigital video broadcasting
• žA data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s
• žSmooth hand off across heterogeneous networks
• žAn all IP, packet switched network.

ITU Requirement And 4G Technology:

• žBased on an all-IP packet switched network.
• žPeak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s
• žScalable channel bandwidth, between 5 and 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz
• ž802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e. WiMAX)
• žLTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP

  

Principles of Technology:

• žMIMO
• žOFDM/OFDMA
• žTurbo principle error-correcting codes
• žChannel-dependent scheduling
• žIP V6

Data Rates Table:

4G Candidate Systems:

• žLTE Advanced
• žIEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced
• ž3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)ž
• žMobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)ž
• žUMB (formerly EV-DO Rev. C)ž
• žFlash-OFDMž
• žiBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20) systems

3G Vs 4G:

3G Technology:

• Predominantly voice driven – data was always add on
• Wide area cell-based
• 1800-2400 MHz
• Circuit and packet switched networks.
• Combination of existing & evolved equipment.
• Data rate (up to 2Mbps).
• Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters
• A number of air link protocols, including IP

4G Technology:

• Converged data and voice over IP
• Hybrid – Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area.
• Higher frequency bands 2-8 GHz
• Entirely packet switched networks.
• All network elements are digital.
• Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).
• Smarter Antennas, software multi-band and wide band radios
• All IP (IPv6.0)

Features:

• žHigh usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology
• žSupport for multimedia services at low transmission cost
• žPersonalization
• žIntegrated services

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

What is Blue Brain?

• “Blue brain” `The name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine   that can function as human brain.
• The main aim is to upload human brain into machine.
• Is it possible..? Answer is “yes”
• The IBM is now developing a virtual brain known as the Blue brain. It would be the world’s first virtual brain.

What is Virtual Brain?

1. žWe can say Virtual brain is an artificial brain, which does not actually the natural brain, but can act as the brain.
2. žIt can think like brain, take decisions based on the past experience, and response as the natural brain can.

Why need Virtual Brain?

žToday we are developed because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the inborn quality that can not be created .Some people have this quality ,so that they can think up to such an extent where other can not reach .

žHuman society is always need of such intelligence and such an intelligent brain to have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death. The virtual brain is a solution to it.

Brain Simulation:

Normal Brain VS Simulated Brain-

• Normal Brain-

1. INPUT: žThrough the natural neurons
2. INTERPRETATION: žBy different states of the neurons in the brain.
3. OUTPUT:ž Through the natural neurons.
4. PROCESSING: žThrough arithmetic and logical calculations.ž
5. MEMORY:ž Through permanent states of neurons

• Simulated Brain-

1. INPUT: žThrough the silicon chip or artificial neurons
2. INTERPRETATION: žBy a set of bits in the set of register .
3. OUTPUT: žThrough the silicon chip.
4. PROCESSING: žThrough arithmetic and logical calculation and artificial intelligence
5. MEMORY: žThrough Secondary memory

Artificial Neural Network of Brain:

Uploading Human Brain:

1. žThe uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the Nanobots
2. žThese robots are small enough to travel through out our circulatory system. They will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system.
3. žThey will be able to provide an interface with computers that is as close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological form.
4. žNanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connections.
5. žThis information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us.
6. žThus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.

Hardware & Software Requirement:

1.A super computer

2.Memory with a very large storing capacity

3.Processor with a very high processing power

4.A very wide network.

5. 100 kilowatts power consumption.

6.A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which is to be received by the computer, and vice versa.

7.Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the computer

Disadvantages:

   Further, there are many new dangers these technologies will open. We will be susceptible to new forms of harm.

1. We become dependent upon the computer systems.
2. Others may use technical knowledge against us.
3. Computer viruses will pose an increasingly critical threat.
4. The real threat, however, is the fear that people will have of new technologies. Clear evidence of this type of fear is found today with respect to human cloning.

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud storage is a cloud computing model in which data is stored on remote servers accessed from the internet, or “cloud.” It is maintained, operated and managed by a cloud storage service provider on a storage server that is built on virtualization techniques.

Benefits of Cloud Storage:
1. Flexibility

• Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network-based computing that takes place over the Internet.
• Cloud computing is a synonym for distributed computing over a network and means the ability to run a program on many connected computers at the same time.
• These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very
• Simple graphical interface or Applications.
• Cloud Computing is the result of evolution and adoption of existing
• Technologies and paradigms.

TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING-

1. Public Cloud – Accessed by any subscriber with an internet connection and access to the cloud space.
2. Private Cloud – A private cloud is established for a specific group or organization.?
3. Community Cloud – Shared among two or more organizations that have similar cloud requirements.
4. Hybrid Cloud – A hybrid cloud is essentially a combination of at least two clouds.

CHOOSING A CLOUD PROVIDER-?

1. Software as a Service –A SaaS provider gives subscribers access to both resources and applications. Examples of SaaS include Google Apps, Casengo, TradeCard, Salesforce etc.
2. Platform as a Service -A PaaS provider gives subscribers access to the components. Examples of PaaS include Cloud Foundry, Force.com, Engine Yard, Mendix, and Google App Engine etc.
3. Infrastructure as a Service?It deals with primarily with computational infrastructure. Examples of IaaS include Google Compute Engine, HP Cloud, and ReadySpace etc.

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING:?

• Lower computer costs:

You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud computing’s web-based applications.

• Improved performance:

With few large programs hogging your computer’s memory, you will see better performance from your PC.

• Reduced software costs:

Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of what you need most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite.

DISADVANTAGES:

• Requires a constant Internet connection
• Does not work well with low-speed connections
• Stored data might not be secure
• Stored data can be lost

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

Open Source Softwares

Whats is Open Source Softwares?

• Open source software(OSS) is computer software that is available in source code form.
• Open source software generally allows anyone to create modifications of the software, port it to new operating systems and processor architectures, share it with others or, in some cases, market it.
• A report by the Standish Group states that adoption of open-source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year to consumers

Definition:

Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria:

• Free Redistribution
• Source Code
• Derived Works
• Non-Discriminative
• Distribution of License
• Technology-Neutral
• Non-Restrictive

History:

• The free software movement was launched in 1983.
• The Open Source Initiative (OSI) was formed in February 1998 by Eric S. Raymond and Bruce Perens.
• The open source label came out of a strategy session held on April 7, 1998 in Palo Alto in reaction to Netscape’s January 1998 announcement of a source code release for Navigator (as Mozilla).

Development Tools:

Revision Control Software:

• Concurrent Versions System (CVS)
• Subversion(SVN)
• GIT

COMPILER, TESTER AND DEBUGGER

• Tinderbox
• Bugzilla
• GNATS

Communication Software

• Xchat
• Pidgin

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

WiMAX Technology

What is WiMAX?

• WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
•  I t is an IP based Wireless Broadband Access Technology utilizing IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard as the air interface.
• WiMAX, which will have a range of up to 31 miles, is primarily aimed at making broadband network access widely .
• User can expect to have broadband access speeds ranging from 256 Kbps to 2 Mbps.
• WiMAX is most suitable for home users, individual, small office and home office. Customer who want to use internet at home and in the office but want to subscribe only one connection can use this facility. Customer for those who have no phone line at the location and / or live in the rented apartments can also use WiMAX Connection.

NET Technology:

Broadband access is too expensive and WiFi coverage is very sparse.

WiMAX will provide broadband connectivity anywhere, anytime, for any device and on any network.

High speed internet access where it is currently unavailable.

Substantially increase data speeds for applications like Online Gaming, Streaming Video and Video Conferencing.

• The new technology promises
• High speed of broadband service
• Wireless rather than wired access
• Broad Coverage

WiMAX consist of-

• A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower – A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

• A WiMAX receiver – The receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today
• 

How WiMAX Works-

Benefits of WiMAX-

Speed-

• Faster than broadband service

Wireless-

• Not having to lay cables reduces cost
• Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas

Broad Coverage-

• Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots.

Advantages of WiMAX-

• Single station can serve hundreds of users.
• Speed of 10 Mbps at 10 kilometers with line-of-site.
• It is standardized, and same frequency equipment should work together.
• providing portable connectivity , and also provide data and                                                             telecommunication services.

Convenience: You can move around the CPE(customer premise equipment) device and get the Internet access everywhere in your home, and in the office. And you can subscribe only one connection for both office and home use.

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Develeopres

Direct Attach Storage (DAS)

Introduction:

DAS is a type of storage that is connected directly to the server which enables quick access to the data but only through the server.

Direct-attached storage (DAS) is a basic level storage in which the host computer holds the storage devices or these can be connected to one server at a time. Networked workstations can access the data only through the host. DAS was the first storage model that gained widespread acceptance and is widely used. Even though networked storage models are gaining popularity, DAS still finds takers because it is easy to deploy and has a low initial cost of deployment. It helps if you have an idea of what your data availability needs are at present and what they will be in the future.

Storage System:

DAS is the most basic storage subsystem that provides block-level storage, and it’s the building block for SAN and NAS. The performance of a SAN or NAS is ultimately dictated by the performance of the underlying DAS, and DAS will always offer the highest performance levels because it’s directly connected to the host computer’s storage interface. DAS is limited to a particular host and can’t be used by any other computer unless it’s presented to other computers over a specialized network called a SAN or a data network as a NAS server.

There are the three basic types of storage.

• Direct Attached Storage (DAS),
• Storage Area Network (SAN),
• Network Attached Storage (NAS)

DAS is the basic building block in a storage system, and it can be employed directly or indirectly when used inside SAN and NAS systems. NAS is the highest layer of storage and can be built on top of a SAN or DAS storage system. SAN is somewhere between a DAS and a NAS.

SCSI — Small computer system interface is one of the oldest forms of storage interfaces traditionally used in server or workstation class computers.

PATA — Parallel advanced technology attachment (originally called ATA and sometimes known as IDE or ATAPI) was the most dominant desktop computer storage interface from the late 1980s until recently, when the SATA interface took over.

SATA — Serial advanced technology attachment is the official successor to PATA. So far, there have been two basic versions of SATA, with SATA-150 and SATA-300.

SAS — Serial Attached SCSI is the latest storage interface that’s gaining dominance in the server and storage market. SAS can be seen as a merged SCSI and SATA interface, since it still uses SCSI commands yet it is pin-compatible with SATA.

FC — Fibre channel is both a direct connect storage interface used on hard drives and a SAN technology. FC offers speeds of 100, 200, and 400 MB/s.

Flash — Flash memory isn’t a storage interface, but it is used for very high-end storage applications because it doesn’t have the mechanical latency issues of hard drives.

RAM — Random access memory is also not traditionally seen as a storage medium, but it can be used as an ultra-fast storage device.

API:

Working:

BackUp Solution:

Data De-Duplication

Continuous Data Protection

Tape Drives

Tape Libraries

Disk to Disk

Storage Management Solutions

Benefits:

• The key difference between Direct Attached Storage (DAS) and NAS is that DAS is simply an extension to an existing server and is not networked while NAS sits on a network as its own entity; it is easier to share files with NAS.
• Availability of data might potentially be increased . if it provides built-in RAID & Clustering capabilities.

Limitations:

• Not suitable for data intensive applications.
• Low data transfer rate.
• Limited scalability.
• Highly initial cost.

Applications:

1.File/Print server

2.Application specific server

3.Video Imaging

4.Graphical image store

5.Centralized file sharing

6.File system mirroring

7.Snap shot critical data

8.Replacement of traditional backup methods

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

Microsoft Windows Surface

What is MS Surface. ?

• A surface computing platform from Microsoft.
• Project began in 2001 Introduced in 2007.
• Combination of software & hardware.
• We can also call it table top.

“Microsoft Surface represents a fundamental change in the way we interact with digital content. With Surface, we can actually grab data with our hands, and move it 360o, information between objects with natural gestures and touch. Surface features a 30-inch tabletop display whose unique abilities allow for several people to work independently or simultaneously. All without using a mouse or a keyboard.”

API of MS Surface:

The Surface Experience:

There are many features of windows surface some of the specials features ,i am showing here-

Direct Interaction-User can “grab” items with their hands and move data to different location on the hard disk or to removable devices. Easy touch navigation-without the use of a mouse and keyboard.

Object Recognition-Users can place physical objects such as drinks, cell phones, cameras, wines, food,laptops,mp3 players on the table to activate digital responses. And to see contents.

Multi-Touch Friendly-Recognizes several points of contact simultaneously as opposed to average single point of contact touch screens. Gives users the ability to be completing unrelated tasks simultaneously.

Multi-USer-Friendly- It’s design multi-touch capabilities make it a great gathering spot to share data, exchange ideas, and inspire group collaboration.

Internal Specification:

1)Screen: The Surface has an acrylic table top which a diff user makes capable of processing multiple inputs from multiple users. Objects can also be recognized by their shapes or reading.

2) Infrared: Infrared light is projected onto the underside of the diff user. Objects or fingers are visible through the diff user by series of infrared-sensitive cameras which are positioned underneath the surface of the tabletop.

3) CPU: This is similar to a regular desktop. The underlying operating system is a modified version of Microsoft Vista.

4) Projector: The Surface uses the same DLP light engine in many rear-projection tvs.

5) Cameras: 4 infrared cameras place inside the tabletop and that focus on screen and reads user interaction from four side and cover the whole screen.

Technical Specification:

Software platform: Microsoft Surface 1.0

Display + vision input technology: Rear projection DLP

Weight: 198 lbs (90 kg)

Physical dimensions (L x W x H): 42.5 x 27 x 21 in (108 x 68.6 x 53.3 cm)

CPU: Intel Core 2 Duo 2.13 GHz processor

Graphics : – 256 MB

Memory: 2 GB DDR2

Storage (hard drive): 500 GB HDD

Display size: 30 in (76.2 cm) diagonal

Display resolution: 1024 X 768 ` 4:3 aspect ratio

Extensions (ports): video out, audio out, 4 USB ports

Networking: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Ethernet.

Operating system: enhanced windows vista (32-bit)

Price: starting 10,000 us $ (approx 5 lakh in INR)

How Does it works:

Digital Light processing is a technology used in newer Surface devices.

It allows recognition of fingers, hands, and objects that are placed on the screen, enabling vision-based interaction. Sensors in the individual pixels in the display register what is touching the screen.

A step-by-step look at how Pixel Sense works:

* When An object is placed on the display.

* An infrared back light illuminates the object.

* Light reflected back from the object is registered by cameras.

* Values reported from all of the cameras are used to create a picture of what is

on the display.

* The picture is analyzed using image processing techniques creating a

corrected image.

* The corrected sensor image and information about the objects placed on the

display are sent to the PC.

* And then surface system react according to the user requirement.

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

Google Voice Service

Introduction:

GOOGLE Voice is telecommunication service by google.

Google voice service from invitation only to be a available to all Gmail subscribers.

Google voice currently provides free pc `to-phone calling and PC-to voice and video calling.

Background:

1. —Telecommunications service by Google
2. —Launched on March 11, 2009
3. —Formerly Grand Central

• Originally founded in 2005 by Craig Walker and Vincent Paquet
• Acquired by Google on July 2, 2007 for $95 million
• Google team worked on the project secretly after the time of purchase until the launch
• Added many additional features while still keeping the same general services previously provided

Google Voice basics Requirements:

To get started with Google Voice, sign in with your existing or create a new Google Account to get started.
Then, you’ll just need a touch-tone phone, and these requirements on your computer:

1.  Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, Mac, Linux

2.  Web browser:   IE6 & above, Firefox 3 & above, Safari 3 & above, Google Chrome

3. Flash 8 and above required

How it works:

—Google Voice can be used with an existing phone number or a new Google phone number.

Features:

• —With an existing number:

1. Google Voicemail

2. International Calling

3.Notifications

4. Share Voicemail

• —With a Google number:

1.One Number

2.Free SMS

3.Block Calls

4.Record Calls

5.Conference Calls

6.Screen Callers

Benefits:  there are lots of benefits provided by that features-

1.Lowering Cost-

• —Cutting costs of long distance calls—
• —Free calls and SMS in the US and Canada—
• —International calls as low as $0.02 per minute

2.Managerial Benefits-

• —Voicemail transcripts. Reading of voicemail messages online.—
• —Downloading of voicemail.—
• —Call recording and online archiving.—
• Blocking calls from specified numbers.

3.personal Benefits-

• —Answering incoming calls on any configured phone.—
• —Switching of phones during a call.—
• —Conference calling.—
• —Notification of voicemail messages via email or SMS.

Google Voice Applications: there are some voice applications available in market-

—For Blackberry and Android phones

—GV Dialer- routes your call by dialing to your Google number and connecting you to the destination number.

—GV Mobile- dial, retrieve and delete recent call history, playback and delete voicemails take calls from different phones other than your iPhone, forward calls, etc.

—Google Voice Desktop App- quick desktop access to your voicemail and SMS messages.
Setting Google Account: Follow the step by step procedure to setting up google account in your application ask you.

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Developers

Upcoming Latest Android Version- Android 6.0 Marshmallow

I know that everyone using and enjoying Android Lollipop 5.1.2 but today, I introducing about the upcoming latest android version that is Android 6.0 Marshmallow. Its is overcome  the all previous bugs and problems and also provide new key features that is improve the quality and improve the calculations power and speedup the smartphone.

Android Marshmallow release date:

Android Marshmallow was initially announced at Google I/O on May 28, when it was released as the Android M developer preview. Several updates to the preview came out before Marshmallow was officially named on August 17. Google finally unveiled Android 6.0 Marshmallow, alongside the 2015 Nexus devices, on September 29, 2015.

Android Marshmallow Layout and Design:

Home Screen:

Home screen is not more differ from lollipop version, it is same or similar as previous version that appear a google search box (with voice command) but in this version have some new key feature like inside search box have a tag line which is say a user to talk and search.

Lock Screen:

          The Marshmallow lock screen is almost similar to Lollipop’s that is also provide with expandable notifications and app shortcuts. But where Lollipop had shortcuts in the bottom corners that too you to the camera and dialer, Marshmallow replaces the dialer shortcut with one to Google’s voice search.

Marshmallow version have lots of feature and key points to explain but here I explain only two points to describe Latest version. It has some other key features that’s completely differ from old one-

• App Icons,
• Lock screen,
• Animations and Easter Egg
• Dark theme and rotation support and many more.

 Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software developers

Hadoop Technology

Introduction:-

       Hadoop is a new technology. Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing data and running applications on clusters of commodity hardware. It provides massive storage for any kind of data, processing power and the ability to handle virtually limitless concurrent tasks or jobs.

History:-

        As the World Wide Web grew in the late 1900s and early 2000s, search engines and indexes were created to help locate relevant information amid the text-based content. In the early years, search results were returned by humans. But as the web grew from millions of pages, automation was needed.

Why is Hadoop important?

• Ability to store and process huge amounts of any kind of data, quickly. With data volumes and varieties constantly increasing.
• Computing power.
• Fault tolerance.
• Flexibility.
• Low cost. The open-source framework is free and uses commodity hardware to store large quantities of data.
• Scalability. You can easily grow your system to handle more data simply by adding nodes. Little administration is required.

What are the challenges of using Hadoop?

• MapReduce programming is not a good match for all problems.
• There’s a widely acknowledged talent gap.
• Data security– it is also provide data security for hadoop and big data users.
• Full-fledged data management and governance. Hadoop does not have easy-to-use, full-feature tools for data management, data cleansing, governance and metadata.

How Is Hadoop Being Used?

• low-cost storage and data archive.

  

• Sandbox for discovery and analysis.
• Data Lake.
• Complement your data warehouse.

Awadhesh Kumar

Jain Software Develepors